Developmentalism, modernity, and dependency theory in latin. Aug 23, 2008 the modernization theory believes that there are steps to success for every country. Modernization theory an explanation for global stratification that asserts that technological and cultural differences between nations serves as the basis of global stratification. Developmentalism,modernity,anddependencytheory developmentalism became a global ideology of the capitalist worldeconomy. Beyond latin america chapter iii a theory of underdevelopment in sociology.
What is the difference between modernization theory and. It combines elements from a neomarxist theory and adopts a revolution of under developed nations model. These two theories contrast in that modernization theory clarifies how created states work and develop, whereas dependency theory outline how work and develop are restricted. Modernisation and dependency repub, erasmus university. There is also dependency theory and globalization theory. In stark contrast to modernization theory, dependency theory underlines that relationships between developing and developed countries are. Naturally, this fact determined the principal difference between these theories, but, nevertheless, there are still certain similarities between. Pdf modernization theories and the study of development today.
Currently, modernization and dependency theories are the two worldwide accepted speculations illuminating the diversification in the economic growth of these countries. In an attempt to explain the diffusion of western styles of living, technological innovations and individualist types of communication as the superiority of secular, materialist, western, individualist culture and of individual. Its main tenet is that the periphery of the international economy is being economically exploited drained. Modernization dependency theory and globalization theory. They originated in different areas, with different evaluative judgments, different assumptions, different methodologies, and different explanations. Modernization theory stresses not only the process of change but also the responses to that change. Theorists in favour of the modernization theory believe that irrespective of its history the underdeveloped country must imitate the ways of the developed world if it wishes to advance.
Program in political science of the city university of new york. Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and freemarket ideologies, worldsystems theorists, globalization theorists and dependency theorists among others. Pdf this chapter discusses modernisation and dependency theories as the two. The theory arose around 1970 as a reaction to some earlier theories of development like the modernization theory which said that all societies progress through similar stages of development, and that underdeveloped areas are thus in a similar situation to that of todays developed areas at some time in the past, and that therefore the task in helping the underdeveloped areas out of poverty. Were going to cover modernization theory as opposed to. For detailed discussions of nonenclave versus enclave situations see cardoso and. Modernization theory vs dependency theory the path to modernization is one never clearly defined. The dependency theory claims that this is how underdevelopment was created and is. In the latin american periphery these ideas were ap. The frankian model of dependency dependency theory. Modernization consists of a gradual differentiation and specialization of social structures. Comparison, contrasts and similarities between the. According to dependency theory, global inequality is the. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial.
The endogenous explanation is a modernization theory. One alternative model on the left is dependency theory. Theoretical perspectives on global stratification introduction to. Values and strengths of modernization and dependency theory. Modernization theories have also informed analyses of regional development. Dependency theory and its close relative, world system theory, emphasized the role of external relationships in the developmental process. The proponents of modernization theory claimed that underdeveloped countries were.
Modernization theory originated from the ideas of german sociologist max weber 18641920, which provided the basis for the modernization paradigm developed by harvard sociologist. These are the sources and citations used to research modernisation vs dependency theory. This article aims to show that dependency theory underlines vividly the problem of examining the logic of capital independent of marxs concept of value. The dependency and worldsystems perspectives on development. The following report will attempt to analyze and critique our nations potential options concerning social and fiscal policy and use this information in an attempt to recommend future policy agenda. Dependency theory focused on individual nations, their role as suppliers of raw materials, cheap labor, and.
A critical analysis in the changing world situation after the post 1945 era, the development of modernization theory in order to modernise the rest of the world in line with american development is interestingly significant in the history of development studies. Dependency theory observes and explains the effects modernization in one region has on other parts of the world. This tension between a basically protectionist versus a free trade stance became one. Dependency theory developed in the late 1950s under the guidance of the director of the united nations economic commission for latin america, raul prebisch. Dependency theory grew influential in latin america in the 1960s and 1970s, largely in reaction to modernisation theory and free trade policies, which originated in the west. The dependency theory, believed that the global north exploits the global south. Alternative perspectives in the study of latin american.
Developmentalism, modernity, and dependency theory in. The discourse pins hope on the african renaissance theory of development. Difference between modernization theory and dependency. Theories of modernization, dependency, and unequal exchange.
Critique of modernisation theories based on the dependency. Modernisation theory has several concepts that see the solution as a top down approach utilising international markets and investment to bring in wealth and development to the area. The dependency theory and modernization theory in latin. A central claim of modernization theory is that economic development, cultural change, and political. Key difference modernization theory vs dependency theory modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. Modernization theory is a developmental process of progressive evolution from traditional society to a modernized society. Generally, dependency theory refers to a criticism of modernization theory which economic development factors of underdeveloped countries or periphery is being controlled by developed countries or core or developed countries feraro, 2008, p 59. Specifically, the dependency school was a response to the failure of the economic commission of latin america ecla program and the crisis of orthodox marxism in latin american.
This video is part of our online course on political science for nta net jrf and upsc political science optional. Modernization is a theory that looks at the domestic factors of a country with the assumption that, with help underdeveloped countries can b. Dependency theory for years, researchers and scholars have been wondering why thirdworld countries are underdeveloped. Aug 19, 2019 the modernization theory takes its roots in the eighteenth century, during the era of enlightenment. The study came to the conclusion that the criticisms against modernization theories led to the emergence of dependency theory in studying. However, it is necessary to underline that modernization theory views such cooperation and integration as a conscious and voluntary act from the part of developing countries, for which modernization in the western style is the only way to overcome the existing backwardness, while supporters of dependency theory argue that such cooperation and integration is imposed to developing countries by more advanced western countries, which simply attempt to benefit from their cooperation with. According to this optimistic theory, the only way which the third world countries should follow to develop themselves is to adapt the modern i. Modernization and dependency theory 1563 words 7 pages. Another difference between the two concepts is that, unlike the dependency theory, the modernization theory gives little importance to the history of a nation.
Dependency theory a theory that explains global inequalities with respect to historical oppression. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one general end page 157 process of which democratization is but the final stage. Modernization theory v dependency theory flashcards quizlet. Dependency theory, on the other hand, sees modernization theory as eurocentric and patronizing. Dependency theory vs modernization theory essay 22 words. Difference between modernization and modernization theory cram. Modernization theory explains the processes involved in conversion of underdeveloped societies to modern societies. Modernization theory in third world society 2533 words. The focus of this theory is the totality of society and social system periphery, which highlights the. The modernization theory has changed over level of three waves. Nowadays, the modernization theory studies how new innovations and technologies are resulting in a homogenized world. Ethnocentricity destruction of native peoples cultures, and replace it with western culture countries arent able.
Dependency theory rejects the limited national focus of modernization theory and emphasizes the importance of understanding the complexity of imperialism and its role in shaping postcolonial states. The discourse assesses the influence of modernization and dependency theories on africas development. Dependency theory dependency theory has been presented as a theory of development that improves modernisation theory reyes, 2001a. Dependency theory emerged as a reaction to modernization theory. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in.
Development theory dependency and world systems theories. In such a way, unlike modernization theory, dependency theory does not view the choice in favor of western way of development as the panacea from all problems or as a conscious choice that is really supported by the population and elite of developing countries but such westernization of developing countries is viewed as a violent interference of developed countries in the life of the third world. Dependency theory an overview sciencedirect topics. Modernization theory believes that social equality is the result of material growth while dependency theory believes that eth dependent country enhances social inequality which can lead to political authoritarianism modernization theory and dependency theory, 2005. Dependency theory, an approach to understanding economic underdevelopment that emphasizes the putative constraints imposed by the global political and economic order. An exegesis of theoretical sarcasm jacob tagarirofa great zimbabwe university, department of sociology and anthropology, zimbabwe abstract the essay sought to explore the efficacy of modernization theory as a pragmatic development model for developing countries. The dependency theory emerged in the 1960s but became popular in the 1970s.
Pdf compare and contrast modernization and dependency. Modernization theory emphasized internal factors while making an exception of science. Modernization theory clarifies the advancement and improvement of innovation in more steady regions of the world culp, 2014. Modernization theory an overview sciencedirect topics. The theoretical framework was created in an attempt to explain transformation and development in society, as well as define how change influenced preindustrial and industrial development smith 44.
Dependency theory and modernization theory by kali. Modernization and dependency theory tutorial sophia learning. In this respect, it is possible to refer to modernization theory and dependency theory which, being quite different, still have certain similarities in their views on the modern world and relationships between developed and developing countries. Mar 28, 2020 the difference between modernization theory and dependency theory is that one explains how developed states operate and grow, while the other explains the exact opposite. Alternative perspectives in the study of latin american underdevelopment authors. Modernization theory explains the processes involved in. Modernization theory claimed that once developing societies came into contact with western european and north american societies, they would be impelled toward modernization and, eventually, would achieve the economic, political, and social features characteristic of the nations of western europe and the united states. While modernization theorists argue that capitalism is a rewards system and that inequalities have to be tolerated as a result of innovation, dependency theorists argue that capitalism does not develop evenly and is concentrated in core areas and that the development of core countries is linked to the underdevelopment of peripheral countries. This article provides information about the critique of modernisation theories based on the dependency theory of development. Whereas modernization theory attributes global stratification to the wrong cultural values and practices in the poorest nations, dependency theory blames global stratification on the exploitation of these nations by the rich. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial bengal. Modernization theory explains the progress and development of technology in more stable regions of the world. Modernization or dependency 72 95 modernization theory and underdevelopment dependency theory and underdevelopment dependency in a specific historical context. Modernization and dependency are two sharply different perspectives seeking to explain the same reality.
Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition from a premodern or traditional to a modern society. Difference between modernization and modernization theory. Both have their own sets of costs and benefits as well as they do policy approaches. Modernisation vs dependency theory economics bibliographies. This theory also, addressed such issues as poverty and economic underdevelopment throughout the world. Relationships with developed countries and particularly with. First of all, it should be said that dependency theory was developed in response to modernization theory out of sheer criticism of the latter theory by the supporters of dependency theory. Dependency theory and modernization theory by kali trepanier. Ldc policy modernization theory and dependency theory.
The aim of this essay is to examine how traditional dependency theory, which was popular in the 1960s and 1970s as a criticism of modernization theory, can still be a useful tool for explaining global inequalities despite the challenges of. Modernization, dependency, rural underdevelopment, african renaissance. But before we go further, we must compare the two in attempt to see if either would compromise our governments mandate. This theory also referred to as the dominant paradigm considers the internal factors of a country and presume that with assistance from developed countries, poor countries can become modern with the same approach that more. By making capitalism as a referent point of analysis, the dependency theory has made it possible to look at development as a dynamic process and. Global south studies latin american dependency theory. Difference between modernization theory and dependency theory.
Modernizationtheoryanddependencytheory modernization. In this chapter, i will set out the key features of this model, its critique in underdevelopment and dependency theory, before addressing the revival of modernization. Sep 29, 2019 many scholars, often those from nonwestern nations, pointed out over the years that modernization theory fails to account for the way western reliance on colonization, the stolen labor of enslaved people, and theft of land and resources provided the wealth and material resources necessary for the pace and scale of development in the west see postcolonial theory for extensive discussions of. Dependency theory is the idea that assets spill out of a fringe of poor and immature states to a centre of rich states, enhancing the latter to the detriment of the former. The proponents of modernization theory claimed that underdeveloped countries were held back by certain cultural characteristics, or their lack of adherence to specific. Oct 05, 2006 the endogenous explanation is a modernization theory. Jan 21, 2018 dependency theory as an intellectual movement emerged as a response to modernization theory, a quasievolutionary model of economic development that posited that nations move linearly through successive stages of growth gunder frank 1969. Dependency theory has the main focus as the local population and environment, seeking to bring selfsufficiency and control to the locals in order to provide. Modernization theory the third world countries have experienced massive variation in the economic development since after the end of second world war. It is impossible to completely understand the essence of marxs critique of political economy, especially a vision of an alternative to capitalism, without grasping value as distinct from exchange value. Modernization theory vs dependency theory essay example. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in africa. Also they aim to explain development but using different angles.
However, it is necessary to underline that modernization theory views such cooperation and integration as a conscious and voluntary act from the part of developing countries, for which modernization in the western style is the only way to overcome the existing backwardness, while supporters of dependency theory argue that such cooperation and. Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies. Concepts of modernization and dependency theory example. Third world, north versus south, developed world versus underdeveloped. In analysing the assets of the modernisation theories, it should be understood that this school of thought emerged in the early years of the 1950s, and began to disappear in the 1970s when belief in it started to wane. Dependency theory and modernization theory dependency theory is a mixture of various theories, including world systems theory, historical structure theory, and neomarxist theory. Modernization, dependency and globalization theories anonymous author university of the people introduction to sociology 1502 introduction modernization theory has received its fair share of criticism for being eurocentric. This highlights that the inequality in the world system where the developing countries are exploited refrain the countries from development. Although the modernization school to which it reacted was an american product, the dependency school had its roots in the third world countries. The theory of dependency second half of nineteen seventies was founded in latin. The following report will attempt to analyze and critique our nations potential options concerning social and fiscal policy and use this information in an attempt to. Jul 08, 2017 modernization, modernization theory a term and approach that came into widespread use in the early 1960s, as a consequence of the efforts by a group of development specialists in the united states to develop an alternative to the marxist account of social development.
Modernization and its discontents 1 the crisis in modernization theory 5 towards a sociology of knowledge 11 2. Today, two popular theories have emerged explaining how the third world came to be. Relationships with developed countries and particularly with multinational corporations were viewed as. Comparison of dependency theory with modernization theory.
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